Lieser, Estelle Charlotte Marianne (2022) The Effects of Grunting in the Gym and Sexual Orientation Towards Perceived Masculinity and Wellbeing. Bachelor thesis, Psychology.
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Abstract
Masculinity is stereotypically associated with male gender roles like competence and self-assertiveness (Ricciardelli & Williams, 1995). A masculine behavior linked to these roles is grunting (Lev & Hertzog, 2021). Currently, little research exists on the perception of grunting and whether it actually exerts a sense of masculinity. Our study investigates these aspects and looks into grunting and sexual orientation’s effect on masculinity perceptions and other related factors, specifically targeting gay men. We predict that grunting could act as a buffer towards homosexual stereotypes and therefore cause gay men who grunt to be perceived as more masculine. We conducted a 2x2 between-subjects design where the variables grunting, and sexual orientation were manipulated. The sample consisted of N=333 participants who were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions. We presented a video of a man working out in the gym who either was grunting and homosexual, grunting and heterosexual, not grunting and homosexual and not grunting and heterosexual. Results showed that there was a main effect of grunting on perceived masculinity, however oppositional to our prediction whereas sexual orientation did not show a main effect on perceived masculinity. There was no interaction effect, meaning gay men who grunt were not perceived to be more masculine. Despite our results being different than expected, we can gain insights from our research. What defines desirable masculinity may has shifted towards more feminine behaviors (Ricciardelli & Williams, 1995) and that sexual orientation did not influence masculinity because of a decrease in sexual prejudice (Jayakurmar, 2009).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Bachelor) |
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| Supervisor name: | Koc, Y. |
| Degree programme: | Psychology |
| Differentiation route: | None [Bachelor Psychology] |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Sep 2022 13:07 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Sep 2022 13:07 |
| URI: | http://gmwpublic.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/1431 |
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