Mann, Johanna (2021) Gym Time: The Effects of Grunting and Homosexuality on Athletes’ Perceived Masculinity. Bachelor thesis, Psychology.
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Abstract
Grunting at the gym is a novel interest of research including its contextual effects of conveyed masculinity on others. When it comes to manliness, the sexual minority of gay men is especially exposed to a negative premature judgment which might also translate to how they are perceived when expressing manly behaviors. Our study explored the effects of grunting and sexual orientation on this perception of masculinity directly and in terms of associated attributes, predicting grunting to increase conveyed masculinity and homosexuality to decrease conveyed masculinity. To assess the evaluation of manhood, we displayed a video of an exercising athlete and subsequently administered an online survey based on a 2x2 between-subjects design (grunting, homosexuality) with a final sample of 333 American participants. After conducting an ANOVA, the results showed a significant negative effect of grunting on perceived masculinity, in the opposite direction to the hypothesis. There appeared to be no significant effect of sexual orientation on perceived masculinity and no interaction between the two independent variables grunting and homosexuality. However, the hypotheses were indirectly supported, as the grunting target was evaluated as less warm and feminine, and the homosexual target appeared to be more warm and feminine. A possible underlying factor in the difference of evaluation might be assumed overcompensation and the contrast between self-perception and judgment by others. Implications for future research to increase generalizability were discussed. Keywords: grunting, homosexuality, masculinity, perception, athletes
| Item Type: | Thesis (Bachelor) |
|---|---|
| Supervisor name: | Koc, Y. |
| Degree programme: | Psychology |
| Differentiation route: | None [Bachelor Psychology] |
| Date Deposited: | 24 May 2022 08:16 |
| Last Modified: | 31 Mar 2023 14:37 |
| URI: | http://gmwpublic.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/471 |
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