Bogri, A. (2025) Structure and Measurement of Human Energy. Master thesis, Psychology.
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Abstract
Energy is a fundamental aspect of human functioning, influencing motivation, well-being, and performance. However, its conceptualization varies across disciplines, with overlapping yet distinct constructs. This study examines whether abundance and deficit of energy represent distinct dimensions or opposite ends of a continuum. Using a multilevel experience sampling design, employees completed self-reports of energy abundance (vitality, vigor, physical strength, battery scale) and deficit (fatigue, lassitude, ego depletion) four times daily for ten workdays. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that a bifactor model, with one general energy factor and seven orthogonal content factors, best fit the data. This suggests that while separate constructs capture distinct aspects of energy, they are strongly interrelated and load onto a broader latent factor. The high correlations between vitality, vigor, and physical strength indicate their interchangeability in assessing energy abundance. Similarly, fatigue, lassitude, and ego depletion were highly correlated, supporting energy deficit as a unified construct. Notably, an alternative higher-order model with separate abundance and deficit factors failed to converge, suggesting that a strict separation between these states may not hold empirically. These findings refine the nomological network of human energy, demonstrating that energetic activation and depletion are closely intertwined rather than strictly opposing constructs. Practically, these results support flexible measurement approaches and suggest that interventions enhancing vitality and vigor may simultaneously reduce fatigue. Future research could explore energy fluctuations across populations and time frames to capture situational influences on energy experiences. Keywords: energy, abundance, deficit, activation, depletion, vitality, vigor, fatigue, ego depletion, confirmatory factor analysis, bi-factor models
| Item Type: | Thesis (Master) |
|---|---|
| Supervisor name: | Weigelt, O. |
| Degree programme: | Psychology |
| Differentiation route: | Work, Organizational and Personnel Psychology (WOP) [Master Psychology] |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Mar 2025 13:24 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Mar 2025 13:24 |
| URI: | http://gmwpublic.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/4774 |
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