A Systematic Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Care for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Netherlands

Dijkstra, Simon (2025) A Systematic Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Care for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Netherlands. Master thesis, Psychology.

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Abstract

Background: The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the Netherlands is relatively high at 2.8%, with one of the highest percentages (3.3%) in the 25-40 year group (Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, 2024). Given the significant number of adults with an ASD diagnosis, there is a clear need for adequate autism services, not only for children but also for adults. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate current diagnostic procedures and treatment options for adults with ASD in the Netherlands. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted by following PRISMA guidelines, with searches performed in major databases (e.g., PubMed, PsycINFO) for studies published between 2005 and 2025. After applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 119 studies were selected and were qualitatively synthesized. Results: The review identified key challenges in the diagnostic and treatment pathways for adults with ASD in the Netherlands. Adults often initiate the diagnostic process themselves, with general practitioners serving as gatekeepers. However, limited training among GPs and long waiting times delay access to specialized care. Diagnostic assessments typically include tools like the ADOS-2, ADI-R, and 3Di-Adult, yet availability varies by region. Treatment options such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based interventions, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), psychoeducation, and social skills training are used across clinical settings, alongside emerging digital and experimental therapies. Despite this, access to these treatments is often hindered by long waiting lists, financial limitations and stigma. Conclusion: Improving diagnostic accuracy and timely access to care for adults with ASD requires increased clinician training, broader use of adult-appropriate assessment tools, and the expansion of specialized services. A more coordinated and inclusive care model is essential to meet the complex needs of this population.

Item Type:	Thesis (Master)
Supervisor name:	Purnama Sari, N.
Degree programme:	Psychology
Differentiation route:	Clinical Neuropsychology (CN) [Master Psychology]
Date Deposited:	10 Jul 2025 15:51
Last Modified:	10 Jul 2025 15:51
URI:	http://gmwpublic.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/5455

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