Systematic Review: Diagnostic Procedure for Autistic Children in South-Africa

Hartman, Miron (2026) Systematic Review: Diagnostic Procedure for Autistic Children in South-Africa. Master thesis, Psychology.

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Abstract

Diagnosing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in South Africa presents unique challenges due to cultural diversity and reliance on Western developed diagnostic tools, such as the ADOS-2. The applicability of these tools within South Africa’s multilingual and socioeconomically unequal context remains uncertain. This systematic review examines the diagnostic procedures used to obtain an autism diagnosis in South Africa and the challenges faced by both caregivers and clinician throughout this process. A systematic search using PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-four peer reviewed studies addressed ASD within South Africa were selected and data from these studies were extracted to answer two research questions. Findings showed that ASD diagnosis in South Africa primarily relies on the ADOS-2 tool. However, this tool lacked adequate cultural and linguistic adaptation. The absence of standardized referral pathways resulted in varied diagnostic journeys and long waiting lists. Cultural beliefs, along with low public awareness and stigma, further delayed help seeking and formal diagnosis. Caregivers frequently experienced financial strain and limited knowledge about developmental milestones and ASD, while clinicians faced resource constraints, insufficient training which led to gaps in expertise. ASD diagnostic procedures in South Africa are hindered by systemic inequities, shortages of trained professionals, limited knowledge, cultural misunderstandings and the reliance on Western diagnostic tools that lack contextual relevance. Strengthening diagnostic practices will require culturally adapted tools, improved professional training, clearer referral pathways, and community-based awareness initiatives.

Item Type:	Thesis (Master)
Supervisor name:	Purnama Sari, N.
Degree programme:	Psychology
Differentiation route:	Clinical Neuropsychology (CN) [Master Psychology]
Date Deposited:	03 Feb 2026 14:19
Last Modified:	03 Feb 2026 14:19
URI:	http://gmwpublic.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/6117

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