Kounnama, Katerina (2026) Cognitive Control Strategies in ADHD: Shifting Between Proactive and Reactive Modes in Dual-Task Conditions. Bachelor thesis, Psychology.
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Abstract
Dual-task interference arises when consolidating a first target (T1) while needing to respond to a secondary target (T2) in rapid succession. This either leads to delayed responding to the secondary target (proactive interference) or reduced accuracy in primary target performance (retroactive interference), depending on the probability of interference between them. The present study examined how proactive and reactive control processes differ between individuals with elevated Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms and controls. Our sample (N = 69) completed an online experiment in which the probability of T2 occurrence (50% vs. 100%) and stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) were manipulated, while T1 accuracy on a memory consolidation task and T2 reaction times on a numeric task were measured. A significant interaction effect was observed between T2 probability and SOA for both T1 Accuracy and T2 RT, indicating that cognitive control is modulated by the probability that T2 occurs in those with low ADHD symptoms; a proactive shift when interference is certain, and a reactive shift when it is uncertain. No evidence was found for high ADHD scores leading to reduced retroactive or proactive interference modulation by T2, providing no evidence for reduced adjustment of cognitive control based on interference.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Bachelor) |
|---|---|
| Supervisor name: | Nieuwenstein, M.R. |
| Degree programme: | Psychology |
| Differentiation route: | None [Bachelor Psychology] |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Feb 2026 09:18 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Feb 2026 09:18 |
| URI: | http://gmwpublic.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/6243 |
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