The Role of Mental Strategies and Suggestive Feedback of a Robot-like Neurofeedback Companion in Neurofeedback Training of Participants With Reported Executive Function Impairments

Loos, Emma (2025) The Role of Mental Strategies and Suggestive Feedback of a Robot-like Neurofeedback Companion in Neurofeedback Training of Participants With Reported Executive Function Impairments. Master thesis, Psychology.

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Abstract

Impairments in executive functions (EFs) are a transdiagnostic feature of many psychological and psychiatric disorders (Abramovitch et al., 2021). These functions are essential for independent, flexible, and goal-directed behaviour (Diamond, 2012). Neurofeedback training (NFT) is a promising Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) through which individuals learn to self-regulate brain activity using real-time electroencephalogram (EEG) feedback (Enriquez-Geppert et al., 2014; Viviani & Vallesi, 2021; Eschmann and Mecklinger, 2022). Frontal midline (FM)-theta originating in the frontal midcingulate cortex, is the working language of EFs (Cavanagh et al., 2011; Cavanagh & Frank, 2014). Upregulating FM-theta activity may therefore enhance EFs. A robot-like NF companion can provide additional feedback on mental strategies (MS) used during NFT to improve FM-theta activity (Pilette et al., 2023). This study examined the effectiveness of previously identified successful MS for FM-theta upregulation and whether suggestive feedback from a robot-like NF companion (Juno) influenced MS use. During 3 NFT sessions, 13 participants with self-reported EF impairments applied MS to upregulate FM-theta with Juno’s feedback. Analysis of MS was limited to the first session, while all sessions were analysed separately on feedback effects. No significant differences were found between successful and less successful MS, nor between the suggestive feedback and MS choice in the first two sessions, but a significant feedback effect was found in session 3, possibly reflecting increased familiarity and trust in Juno. Post-hoc analysis revealed significant effects between Nature and Environment MS and Navigating Spaces MS. This feasibility study highlights the importance of personalized approaches during NFT supported by interactive NF companions.

Item Type:	Thesis (Master)
Supervisor name:	Enriquez Geppert, S.
Degree programme:	Psychology
Differentiation route/Track:	Clinical Neuropsychology (CN) [Master Psychology]
Date Deposited:	20 Apr 2026 07:41
Last Modified:	20 Apr 2026 07:41
URI:	http://gmwpublic.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/6377

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